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Adenosine and adenosine receptors in metabolic imbalance-related neurological issues

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2024년 10월 23일

    Highlights
    •Adenosine receptors-mediated signaling improves energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism.
    •Adenosine receptors-mediated signaling attenuates neuroinflammation and immune responses.
    •Adenosine receptors-mediated signaling inhibits BBB disruption.
    •Adenosine receptors-mediated signaling improves synaptic plasticity and memory function.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332224008801#fig0015

Abstract

Metabolic syndromes (e.g., obesity) are characterized by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidemia. Recently, patients with metabolic syndromes have experienced not only metabolic problems but also neuropathological issues, including cognitive impairment. Several studies have reported blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and insulin resistance in the brain of patients with obesity and diabetes. Adenosine, a purine nucleoside, is known to regulate various cellular responses (e.g., the neuroinflammatory response) by binding with adenosine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Adenosine has four known receptors: A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R. These receptors play distinct roles in various physiological and pathological processes in the brain, including endothelial cell homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, microglial activation, lipid metabolism, immune cell infiltration, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we review the recent findings on the role of adenosine receptor-mediated signaling in neuropathological issues related to metabolic imbalance. We highlight the importance of adenosine signaling in the development of therapeutic solutions for neuropathological issues in patients with metabolic syndromes.



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